# Electric Flux Scalar Or Vector

docx (a) Is electric flux a scalar or a vector? Calculate the magnitude of the flux of a constant electric field of 5. The tangent to the line of force at any point gives the direction of electric field at that point, b. If the surface under consideration is not perpendicular to the field lines, then the expression is Φ = ∑ EA cos θ. Such function, having components of the vector as a function or combination of constants and function, is known as the Vector field. Stack Exchange network consists of 175 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Electric flux and Gauss’s law The concept of electric flux (Φ E) is scalar and defined as the dot product of electric field and an area vector. from the magnetic scalar potential. 2 Boundary Condition for Electric Field Intensity Vector 202 3. So the general answer appears to be "if the length has a direction associated with it (like when it appears in a line integral) then it is a vector quantity, otherwise it is probably a scalar quantity" and "if the unit normal to the area in question is important to the quantity under consideration, then the area is a vector quantity; otherwise. Special Cases: 1. Increasing the magnetic flux through a surface can be done in 3 ways. Notice that may also be written as , demonstrating that electric flux is a measure of the number of field lines crossing a surface. The greater the magnitude of the lines, or the more oriented the lines are against (perpendicular to) the surface, the greater the flow, or flux. You're using an out-of-date version of Internet Explorer. , an electric dipole experiences a tongue given by = p × E, but no net force is experienced. Define electric flux. Divergence and Curl of a Vector Function This unit is based on Section 9. ” Simple in concept, the integral form can be devilishly difficult to work with. Now that we have defined the area vector of a surface, we can define the electric flux of a uniform electric field through a flat area as the scalar product of the electric field and the area vector, as defined in Products of Vectors:. Radiated power – definition. Properties of Scalar Quantities: Physical quantities which can completely be specified by a number (magnitude) having an appropriate unit are known as "SCALAR QUANTITIES". Laplacian of a Scalar 3. We know that the tube forces radiating from a charged body, which are also referred as electric flux, is equal to the total charge of the body. Electrostatics: Coulomb’s law, Electric field, electric field due to point charges, dipole,. Is it Vector or Scalar Quantity? Get the answers you need, now!. Electric flux is a scalar. This is a vector field. PPT ON ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS (vector or scalar) is defined everywhere A vector field has direction as well as size Electric Flux:. Electrostatic Fields: Coulomb's Law and Field Intensity, Electric Fields Due to Continuous Charge Distributions, Electric Flux Density , Gauss's Law-Maxwell's Equation,. The net flux isΦnet =E0A−E0A+0+0+0+0=0. We use cookies for various purposes including analytics. Flux is a scalar. where E is the electric field and S is a vector equal to the area S and in a direction perpendicular to that area. Maxwell’s Equations K. The total number of electric field lines crossing an area placed normal to the electric field is termed as electric flux. Since Electric flux is a dot-product of two vector quantities ( Electric field & surface area) , its a scalar quantity. "The dot product of electric field intensity E and the vector area S is called electric flux. ANS: Vector magnetic potential is given by where J is current density, V is electric potential. From positively charged surface, E acts outwards at right angles i. 2 Capacitance of a Parallel Plate Capacitor208. Electric lines of force will never intersect. Sunil Bhooshan 5 2. Symbol Φ is pronounced "phi". Electr ic and Magnetic Fields in Materials: 1 Conductors, dielectrics and capacitance :. In scalar fields this quantity is specified by a single number for each point. Technically, a distinction is made between magnetic field strength H, measured in amperes per meter (A/m), and magnetic flux density B, measured in Newton-meters per ampere (Nm/A), also called teslas (T). Example of scalar field is the electric potential in a region while electric or magnetic fields at any point is the example of vector field. Get unlimited access to videos, live online training, learning paths, books, tutorials, and more. Armen Kocharian. [If the change in scalar quantity is very small i. Stoke’s theorem 27. Divergence Theorem 25. Gauss' theorem deals with the electric flux of a closed surface. We then rewrite Eq. STATIC ELECTRIC FIELD Vector Algebra, Coordinate Systems, Vector differential operator, Gradient, Divergence, Curl, Divergence theorem, Stokes theorem, Coulombs law, Electric field intensity, Point, Line, Surface and Volume charge distributions, Electric flux density, Gauss law and its applications, Gauss divergence theorem, Absolute. Home › Math › Vector Calculus › Vector Calculus: Understanding Circulation and Curl Circulation is the amount of force that pushes along a closed boundary or path. Define electric flux. It is a vector that is directed outward through the section. Laplacian of a scalar 28. The electric flux through any closed surface in free is equal to 1/ε 0 times the total charge enclosed by the surface. Dot or Scalar Product: A • B = A B cos AB where: AB is the smaller angle between. The flux lines are equal to the charge in Coulombs. In this section we will define the third type of line integrals we'll be looking at : line integrals of vector fields. Make sure you understand the difference between a vector and a scalar (A scalar quantity only has a size, a vector quantity has a size and a direction) and there's no need to memorise lists of vector quantities and scalar quantities. jraef is absolutely correct in his "crash course" on VFD. Vector - a quantity defined by magnitude and direction. So ∇·B = 0 and we can define a magnetic vector potential A and re-write B as B = ∇×A, indeed. Details of the calculation:. quantity and is computed from two vector quantities using the vector dot. Note that it is a vector with a direction in the direction of the current. Multiplying a vector by a scalar When you multiply a vector by a scalar, you multiply each component by that scalar. Gradient of Scalar Field. are examples of vectors. Gradient of scalar field is expressed as Outward flux of a vector field per unit volume as the volume about the point tends to zero. Explanation about electric flux , unit of electric flux. [examples: velocity (v), current (I), electric field (E), etc. Force is a vector quantity as it has both magnitude and direction. Vector VFDs come in two types, open loop & closed loop , based on. A vector field (e. Magnetization and Equivalent Current Densities, Magnetic Field Intensity, Hysterisis Loop, Boundary Conditions for B and H, Inductance and Inductors, Magnetic Energy. It is a scalar. In stress equations, it is the surface load. Lecture (syllabus) Teaching methods Notes 1+2 Basics of Electrotechnics. Electric flux through the first segment: Electric flux through the second segment: Similarly, Electric flux through other segments. space through a particular defined area. This analogy forms the basis for the concept of electric flux. Note that the potential is a scalar quantity without direction. If the surface is a closed one, then such vector is to be coming out of the close surface. The first table lists the base quantities used in the International System of Units to define the physical dimension of physical quantities for dimensional analysis. quantity and is computed from two vector quantities using the vector dot. Electric flux quiz questions and answers, electric flux MCQs with answers, applied physics test prep 45 to learn physics courses for online classes. The electric flux Φthrough a patch element. 7 , Chapter 9. The study of electromagnetism and electromagnetic field theory is imperative for all branches of engineering dealing with electricity and electronics, and related applications. Hence total normal of flow of flux ( ψ) equals to total charge under consideration Q. Electric field due to infinitely charged plane sheet E = 2 o N C-1 Vector 10. Define electric flux Is it a scalar or a vector quantity A point charge q is at a distance d/2 directly above the centre of a square of side d , as shown in the figure Use Gauss s law to obtain the expression for the - Physics - Electric Charges And Fields. What is the unit of electric flux? 37. Force is a vector quantity as it has both magnitude and direction. Define electric flux. Let n represents a number or scalar and m is its reciprocal then the new vector is given by : where m = 1/n. An electric field is a vector and hence when it contacts, and passes through a surface of area dA, it would seem that it is still a vector, ie. Vector Form of Coulomb's Law. Use Gauss' law to obtain the expression for the electric flux through the square. The Curl represents the rotation of a vector in a three-dimensional field. The idea behind the vector calculus is to utilize vectors and their functions for analytical calculations, i. It is a scalar. Of course, for a given electric flux density vector, the electric flux passing through a given surface area will depend on how the surface area is oriented in space. 5) Flux is zero for a surface parallel to the field (normal is at 90o to E) E E 3. Get unlimited access to videos, live online training, learning paths, books, tutorials, and more. Electric flux is zero if E is parallel to the surface. Maximum rate of increase of scalar function at appoint. • B = magnetic field; magnetic flux = BA (A = area perpendicular to field B) • Recall: divergence of a vector field is a measure of its tendency to converge on or repel from a point. 11/4/2004 Section 5_3 Dielectrics blank. g Temperature and pressure of a gas. Gradient of Vector Field. The term scalar refers to a quantity whose value may be represented by a single (positive or negative) real number. Here we lay the foundations for thinking about and visualizing multivariable functions. Unlike a scalar quantity, a vector quantity is not fully described unless there is a direction associated with it. 5 Physical significance of divergence, Divergence theorem. Far fields and vector potentials. Summarise the step-by-step procedure for using Gauss's Law. Patavardhan, KLS GIT, Belagavi February 2016 1 Unit 1 a. The divergence of a vector field is a measurement of how much the field strengthens or weakens at a given point. area vector. We then rewrite Eq. All assigned readings and exercises are from the textbook Objectives: Make certain that you can define, and use in context, the terms, concepts and formulas listed below: 1. The electric flux density vector is used to calculate the electric flux passing through any and all arbitrarily oriented cross sectional areas dA in space. Is electric flux a vector or a scalar? 36. The concept of flux applies to a surface of finite size. Ex: Temperature of atmosphere. plane sheet of paper whose orientation in space is described by the area vector A~ =. Which describes the magnetic flux through a section of a loop? A. So we have discussed the definition for the Gradient. The x, y, and z we use in basic algebra are scalars, and the quantities they represent are scalars. Electric potential is a scalar quantity, so the sum above is a scalar sum, and there is no need to consider angles or vector components. Hence, Gauss' law is a mathematical statement that the total Electric Flux exiting any volume is equal to the total charge inside. For the small variable , one finds Magnetic field are determined exclusively by the vector potential. Electrostatic Field 29. Electric Flux around charges We are considering the total surface as a whole that encompass a charge. Electric Flux It means the number of electric field lines passing through a closed surface. Circulation of a vector field per unit area as the area tends to zero. We will also see that this particular kind of line integral is related to special cases of the line integrals with respect to x, y and z. By this way, the gradient is helpful in transforming a scalar field into a vector field. com From Equation [3], the Electric Flux Density is very similar to the Electric Field, but does not depend on the material in which we are measuring (that is, it does not depend on the permittivity. It stands for vector scalar product. The magnetic moment is the magnetic strength and orientation of a magnet or other object that produces a magnetic field. electric field (vector; V/m) the force felt by a positive unit test charge in a region of space, due to the influence of other charges. 2 Vector Line Integral The vector line integral requires a vector eld F and a path P. A is defined in the whole problem region. Why's electric flux the "dot product" of electric field and area vector? than or equal to the scalar product of vectors' magnitudes. Dot or Scalar Product: A • B = A B cos AB where: AB is the smaller angle between. ( ) ( ) flux E area s. 4 Representation of Vectors 8 1. ds→Electric flux is a scalar quantity, its SI unit is Nm2C-1Electric flux through square isϕE = qε06b) Flux will not be changed,i. , ϕE = qε06. Before we work any examples let’s notice that we can substitute in for the unit normal vector to get a somewhat easier formula to use. 7 , Chapter 9. All assigned readings and exercises are from the textbook Objectives: Make certain that you can define, and use in context, the terms, concepts and formulas listed below: 1. Scalar : A quantity that is characterized only by magnitude is called a scalar. So the general answer appears to be "if the length has a direction associated with it (like when it appears in a line integral) then it is a vector quantity, otherwise it is probably a scalar quantity" and "if the unit normal to the area in question is important to the quantity under consideration, then the area is a vector quantity; otherwise. Significance The net flux of a uniform electric field through a closed surface is zero. ‖ 4) For a closed surface, the area vector points in the outward direction. We define the flux of the electric field through an area to be given by the scalar product If is the angle between the electric field and the area vector For an arbitrary surface S, the flux is obtainted by integrating over all the surface elements Page 2 Module 2 : Electrostatics Lecture 7 : Electric Flux Objectives In this lecture you will. Introduction; Field Parameters and SI Units; Electric Flux Density and Field Intensity; Magnetic Flux Density and Field Intensity; Current Density Vector Analysis and Coordinate Systems in Electromagnetics. Power density and Poynting vector – revision. This paper presents an operational approach for deriving the boundary integral formulas of the scalar and vector wave equations with arbitrary moving boundary. [If the change in scalar quantity is very small i. Flux and flux density. Chapter 22 Gauss’s Law Lecture 3 Dr. The quantity in the above equation is known as the electric scalar potential. The NATURAL boundary condition is a generalization of the concept of a flux boundary condition. In diffusion equations, it is in fact the outward flux of the diffusing quantity. Mathematically, electric flux can be written as θ= E. The PMSM Current Controller with Pre-Control block implements a discrete-time PI-based permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) current controller in the rotor d-q reference frame with internal feedforward pre-control. The greater the magnitude of the lines, or the more oriented the lines are against (perpendicular to) the surface, the greater the flow, or flux. This analogy forms the basis for the concept of electric flux. flux "dot product" of. We then rewrite Eq. The basic magnetic analysis consequences include magnetic field strength, magnetic flux denseness, magnetic forces and current densenesss. 2: Comparison of Scalar and Vector Field Problems. A tensor [of rank n] is a generalized type of vector [satisfying the above rules] that is a multi-linear function of n vectors (which, upon inputting n vectors, produces a scalar). Is electric flux a vector or a scalar? 36. The idea behind the vector calculus is to utilize vectors and their functions for analytical calculations, i. Define electric flux Is it a scalar or a vector quantity A point charge q is at a distance d/2 directly above the centre of a square of side d , as shown in the figure Use Gauss s law to obtain the expression for the - Physics - Electric Charges And Fields. The teacher said <> Now if I've a constant electric field of value 3 going on the î axis. It is a vector quantity. Depending upon the nature of the quantity under consideration, the field may be a vector or a scalar field. The electric flux is a scalar quality. Stack Exchange network consists of 175 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. 7 , Chapter 9. The electric field E can always be expressed as the gradient of a scalar potential function. Gauss Law states that: The total of the electric flux out of a closed surface is equal to the charge enclosed divided by the permittivity. where the right hand integral is a standard surface integral. Two or more than two scalar quantities measured in the same system of units are equal if they have the same magnitude and sign. Define electric flux. T Temperature scalar Q Heat Flux vector DT Temperature gradient vector ELEKTRA E Electric field strength vector D Electric flux density vector. In general terms, flux is the closed integral of the dot product of the electric field vector and the vector ΔA. Sunil Bhooshan 5 2. Some gave vector fields; some gave scalar fields. Electric Flux It means the number of electric field lines passing through a closed surface. • Articulate the concept of electric flux and be able to calculate the electric flux through a surface • Formulate how Gauss’ Law relates the electric flux through a closed surface to the charge enclosed by the surface • Articulate under what conditions Gauss’ Law is useful for determining electric field. This blog is written keeping in mind the syllabus of Board of Intermediate,Andhrapradesh. Scalar quantities are denoted by letters in ordinary type. the electric potential) is a time-varying quantity, so things are not, somehow, simpler. 2 Vector Product R1. It is equal to the magnetic flux density divided by the magnetic permeability of the space where the field exists. Electric flux is a scalar quantity and has an SI unit of newton-meters squared per coulomb ($$N \cdot m^2/C$$). Issuu is a digital publishing platform that makes it simple to publish magazines, catalogs, newspapers, books, and more online. It is a vector that is tangent to the section. vector sum of the fields due to all the charges present. ${\varphi _{\rm{E}}} = \int {\mathop E\limits^ \to \bullet \mathop {ds}\limits^ \to }$. Energy and potential. 22(b) applies to the line charge except that Q is replaced by ρ L. ds→Electric flux is a scalar quantity, its SI unit is Nm2C-1Electric flux through square isϕE = qε06b) Flux will not be changed,i. Electric Flux Density, Gauss’s Law and Application of Gauss’s Law: Some Symmetrical Charge Distributions and Differential Volume Element, Divergence and Maxwell’s First Equation, The Vector Operator ∇ and the Divergence Theorem. Flux is always defined based on: A surface. Electric flux, a scalar field, and its density D, a vector field, are useful quantities in solving certain problems, as will be seen in this. Temperature, density, and electric potential are examples of scalar quantities that can vary from one point to another in space. Is electric field a scalar or vector? vector, it has direction What is the equation where we can set electric flux equal to EA? Where E is the electrostatic field. It is denoted as E. That's because there is no such thing as a magnetic charge: we only have electric charges. Such function, having components of the vector as a function or combination of constants and function, is known as the Vector field. + Current density is a vector function of space and time + Charge density is a scalar function of space and time + The effects of materials and media on the fields is described by the constitutive relations + Connects field to flux density Magnetic flux density, Wb/m 2 Electric flux density, Q/m 2. EC 6403 ELECTRO MAGNETIC FIELDS UNIT I STATIC ELECTRIC FIELD 2 MARK QUESTIONS 1. It can also be seen that the final equation above is similar to the full wave equation) written using magnetic vector potential, the only difference being that terms including permittivity are omitted. Electric flux is a scalar quantity and is defined as a number of electric field lines passing per unit area. Lecture (syllabus) Teaching methods Notes 1+2 Basics of Electrotechnics. Quantities such as time, mass, distance, temperature, entropy, electric potential, and popu-lation are scalars. It is denoted as E. Is electric field a scalar or vector? vector, it has direction What is the equation where we can set electric flux equal to EA? Where E is the electrostatic field. It entails the analysis, synthesis,. Is it a vector or a scalar quantity? Which orientation of an electric dipole in a uniform electric field would correspond to stable equilibrium? If the radius of the Gaussian surface enclosing a charge is halved, how does the electric flux through the Gaussian surface change? Define the electric dipole moment of a dipole. In physics , surface area 'A' is a vector, the direction of surface area vector 'A' is perpendicular to the surface; Electric flux ,a scalar quantity ,is dot product of electric field E and area vector A Magnetic flux ,a scalar quantity, is dot product of magnetic field B and area vector A _____. Unlike E , these fields are not directly measurable; their existence was inferred from nineteenth- century experiments in electrostatics. Significance The net flux of a uniform electric field through a closed surface is zero. The rotation depends on the scalar product of the electric the drift flux model and the passive transport scalar of the scalar product of its normal vector. The “vector area” has: a. This analogy forms the basis for the concept of electric flux. 2 Boundary Condition for Electric Field Intensity Vector 202 3. Unlike E, these fields are not directly measurable; their existence was inferred from nineteenth- century experiments in electrostatics. The angle θ here is the angle between vecE and vec(triangle S). ψ = Q = = (c/m 2). This is sometimes called the flux of $$\vec F$$ across $$S$$. Laplacian of a scalar 28. The vector magnetic potential and the electric scalar potential at distancer from the source depend respectively on the value of the charge density and the electric current density at earlier time ( t - r-r’ /u). The x, y, and z we use in basic algebra are scalars, and the quantities they represent are scalars. However, using vector field theory this problem is no more difficult than the previous one. The flux is defined as, (4. The study of electromagnetism and electromagnetic field theory is imperative for all branches of engineering dealing with electricity and electronics, and related applications. To understand the meaning of magnetic flux (Φ) and magnetic flux density (B) think first about an ordinary bar magnet. The distribution of a scalar quantity with a defined position in a space is called scalar field. Since Electric flux is the dot product of two vectors, Hence it is a Scalar quantity. Electric Flux ∫ Φ ≡ • S E E dA r r •What does this new quantity mean? • The integral is over a CLOSED SURFACE • Since is a SCALAR product, the electric flux is a SCALAR quantity • The integration vector is normal to the surface and points OUT of the surface. In, say, permanent magnet AC servos, the rotor flux magnitude is fixed and the flux vector is known. define electric flux is electric flux a scalar or vector give its si unit write its expression - Physics - TopperLearning. tween angle and flux for a uniform electric field is to use the dot product so that = E⇤ ·A⇤. 5 Curl of a Vector Field. dl ρv is the charge density (per unit volume) D is the electric flux density (or electric displacement) E is the electric field intensity Total charge enclosed within volume V. Scalar quantity is the quantity which has magnitude only. This analogy forms the basis for the concept of electric flux. Flux Integrals Let S be an orientable surface within 3. Despite there being no major difference between scalar and vector controls, the latter has some properties which make it favourable as a control system with high dynamic performance. The electric field is a vector quantity. The electric potential at infinity is assumed to be zero. Remembering the "dot product" or the "scalar product", we can also write this as = E S. For a spherically symmetric charge distribution, of total charge Q, what is the magnitude of the electric field at distance r, where r is outside the region where the. →0, then this change can be regarded as a vector quantity]. 4 Figure Electric field lines passing through a surface of area A whose normal makes an angle θ with the field. By definition, the gradient is a vector field whose components are the partial derivatives of f:. electric flux (scalar; V-m) the total sum of electric field vectors passing perpendicularly through a surface. Of course, for a given electric flux density vector, the electric flux passing through a given surface area will depend on how the surface area is oriented in space. ) t = time {E} = electric field intensity vector {B} = magnetic flux density vector : ρ = electric charge density. Why's electric flux the "dot product" of electric field and area vector? than or equal to the scalar product of vectors' magnitudes. Magnetic field strength is one of two ways that the intensity of a magnetic field can be expressed. It is a vector that is directed inward through the section. The total flux depends on strength of the field, the size of the surface it passes through, and their orientation. A vector quantity has both a magnitude 1 and a direction in space. Gauss' Law makes use of the concept of "flux". It is denoted by D D=Q/A (c/m2) the flux density vector is defined as: 8. media whose properties do not change with direction. State Gauss’s theorem in electrostatics. dipole moment. ds→Electric flux is a scalar quantity, its SI unit is Nm2C-1Electric flux through square isϕE = qε06b) Flux will not be changed,i. The direction of a Gradient Vector. In, say, permanent magnet AC servos, the rotor flux magnitude is fixed and the flux vector is known. 13) where: q – very small electric charge (small in the sense of size – geometry, as well as in the sense of the amount of carrying electric charge) E. It's the total "push" you get when going along a path, such as a circle. space through a particular defined area. When a charge particle moves in uniform electric field, the force acting on it is – a) Perpendicular to the direction of field b) Along the direction of field. Electric charge is an elementary quantity born of elements and ions. 00 N/C in the z-direction, through a rectangle with area 4. As can be visualized from the above picture, if the loop is turned such that the normal vector n becomes parallel to the field lines, θ becomes zero and the loop becomes vertical and the number of electric field lines passing through it horizontally becomes maximum. Test 1 will consist in 5 problems and 1 theoretical question (for extra credit). Using Gauss' Law, obtain the electric field created by a charge uniformly distributed over a plane. It is denoted by D D=Q/A (c/m2) the flux density vector is defined as: 8. 2 Scalar and Vector Calculus Integrals of scalars and vectors over volumes, surfaces and lines often used in electromagnetics. • Area vector points outward! Φ E =! E•! A=EAcosφ dΦ=! E•d! A=EdAcosφ Φ=E•d! ∫A =EAcosφ In general for any vector field (not just electric),. Electric flux is a scalar. ψ = Q = = (c/m 2). It is denoted by Φ. It represents the total lines of force passing through the given area. The projection of 2a + —ao + Ita in the a direction is I If the divergence of a vector is zero at a point in space, then the vector does not exist at that point, that is the value of the vector is always zero at. Therefore, Equation (3) says that the divergence of the. This is because in many magnetic materials, reluctivity is a nonlinear function of flux density, and hence a function of magnetic vector potential. It is denoted as E. Flux is always defined based on: A surface. The greater the magnitude of the lines, or the more oriented the lines are against (perpendicular to) the surface, the greater the flow, or flux. When we multiply two vector quantities electric intensity and normal area we get electric flux which is a scalar quantity. Summarise the step-by-step procedure for using Gauss's Law. 1 Introduction 1 1. Thus, inside the solenoid the vector potential is ˆ. In the integral form, you're calculating the flux of the vector field through some closed surface. The Divergence operator of a vector quantity gives us a scalar entity, which represents the rate at which the density exits a given range of space. Direct torque control - or DTC - is the most advanced AC drive sometimes known as scalar control, field Flux vector control achieves full torque at zero speed. Vector - a quantity defined by magnitude and direction. dipole moment. A vector field in the plane, for instance, can be visualized as a collection of arrows with a given magnitude and direction each attached to a point in the plane. Changes in the electric potential similarly relate to changes in the potential energy: 0 U V q Δ Δ=. Radiated power – definition. Find the Laplacian of the following scalar functions: (a) V = 4xy2z3, (b) V = xy + yz + zx, (c) V = 3/ (x2, y2) (d) V = 5e-r cos , (e) V =10e-R sin. Suppose a vector ∆a n is an area vector of n th element and the electric field at that element is E n then, E n ∆a n = electric flux Electric flux is a scalar product and has a definite number. Electric lines of force will never intersect. If the radius of the Gaussian surface enclosing a charge is halved, how does the electric flux through the Gaussian surface change ? If E = 1 unit, θ = 90°, then τ = P Dipole moment may be defined as the torque acting on. tween angle and flux for a uniform electric field is to use the dot product so that = E⇤ ·A⇤. Electric flux is a scalar quantity and has an SI unit of newton-meters squared per coulomb (). Examples: Displacement, velocity, acceleration, electric field. V must be the same length as X. my area vector is now equal to : A = 2,12 î + 2,12 ê. Figure 1 Figure 2 But now suppose you cannot actually see inside the box - that all you can see is the lines of flux leaving the box, as in Figure 2. -The figure represents a plane which carries a positive charge a per unit area. It is denoted by Curl v = ∇ x v. It is only an imaginary line. 23-1 as the scalar (or dot) product of the velocity vector of the airstream and the area vector of the loop: (23-2) where u is the angle between and. pdf from EEE 241 at Arizona State University. SI Unit is Nm C-1. If there is no source or sink at a point, the divergence of the flux at that point should be zero. • Abrief(introduction(to. In diffusion equations, it is in fact the outward flux of the diffusing quantity. perpendicular to field and the area vector is directed along field lines but, in general, the plan A can have any direction versus field(1. Electrostatic Fields: Coulomb's Law and Field Intensity, Electric Fields Due to Continuous Charge Distributions, Electric Flux Density , Gauss's Law-Maxwell's Equation,. Please keep a pen and paper ready for rough work but keep your books away. The potential is a scalar quantity so can be shown as a colour map, a contour plot or a surface. In speaking of vector fields, we will discuss the notion of flux in general, and electric flux specifically. In case of vectors negative sign is given when the vector is reversed ie opposite direction. In this section we will define the third type of line integrals we'll be looking at : line integrals of vector fields.